引导定语从句的关系代词that和which,在一般情况下,不管关系代词在从句中作主语或宾语都可替换使用。例如
He bought a mobile phone that/which looks like a lighter.(作主语)他买了一个样子像打火机的手机。
I've found the book that/which he lost three days ago.(作宾语)我到了他三天前丢的那本书。
但在下面几种情况下,引导定语从句的关系代词只能用that,而不用which:
1.先行词是复合不定代词everything,anything,nothing等时。例如:
She didn't forget anything that her mother had told her to buy.她没忘记妈妈让她买的任何东西。
注意:先行词是something时,关系代词用that或which都可以。例如:
I want to buy something that/ which the old men like to eat.我想买点老人喜欢吃的东西。
2.先行词被序数词或the last修饰时。例如:
This is the first textbook that I studied in the primary school.这是我在小学学的第一本教科书。
He is in the last row that is next to the window.他在挨着窗户的最后一排。
3.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。例如:
That is the highest building that I have seen.那是我见到过的最高的大楼。
Have you worked out the most difficult maths problem that our teacher told us to do?你解出老师让我们做的那道最难的数学题了吗?
4.先行词是或被all,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。例如:
I've written down all that(= what)the teacher doesn't allow us to do.我已记下了老师不允许我们做的一切事情。
They haven't got any dictionaries that we need.他们没有我们所需要的任何字典。
5.先行词被the only,the very,the same等修饰时。例如:
This is the very novel that you want to borrow.这就是你想借的那本小说。
注意:先行词被the same修饰时,关系代词也可用as。例如:
I need the same dictionary that/as you have.我需要同你的一样的字典。
关于as的用法,我们以后在高中阶段还会学到。
6.先行词是两个或多个分别表示人和物的名词时。例如:
He told us many interesting things and persons that we had never heard.他给我们讲了我们从没听到过的人和事。
7.主句是以who,which引导的特殊疑问句时。例如:
Who is the man that you spoke to just now?你刚才跟他说话的那个人是谁?
Which is the book that you want to borrow?你想要借的书是哪一本?
8.先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。例如:
all i want is everythingChina is no longer the country that it used to be.中国再不是以前那样的国家了。
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