时态总结:
一般过去时:过去某一时间点进行的动作
结构: 主 + did
结构: 主 + did
一般将来时: 表示对将来的打算
结构: 主 + will/shall + do
结构: 主 + will/shall + do
过去进行时: 表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作
结构: 主 + was/were + doing
将来进行时: 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作
结构: 主+ will/shall + be doing
结构: 主+ will/shall + be doing
过去完成时: 表示动作在过去某一时间点之前已经完成 (过去的过去,通常与一般过去时互为主从句)
结构: 主 + had done
结构: 主 + had done
将来完成时: 表示到未来某一时间将已经完成的动作
结构: 主 + will/shall + have done
结构: 主 + will/shall + have done
现在完成进行时: 表示动作从过去开始,持续到现在,对现在造成影响
结构: 主 + have/has + been doing
结构: 主 + have/has + been doing
将来完成进行时:表示状况将一直持续到说话人所提及的时间
结构:主 + will have + been doing
结构:主 + will have + been doing
过去完成进行时:表示动作在过去更早的某一时间段内持续进行,并对过去产生影响。
结构:主 + had + been doing
结构:主 + had + been doing
1.一般现在时:
1.构成:使用动词原形,第三人称单数须有变化。
(1)直接加“s”,works,takes
(2)以辅音加“y”结尾,变“y”为“i”,再加“es”
(3)以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”
goes dresses watches brushes(刷)
goes dresses watches brushes(刷)
2.功能:
(1)表现在的事实、状态或动作:
eg ►. Birds fly.
►. She loves music.
eg ►. Birds fly.
►. She loves music.
►. Mary's parents get up very early.
(2)表习惯性动作或职业,常与often,sometimes,usually,always,every week,seldom,occasionally,frequently等时间副词连用。
eg ►. I always take a walk after supper.
►. She writes to me very often.
►. Tom and his girlfriend go out to take a picnic occasionally.
eg ►. I always take a walk after supper.
►. She writes to me very often.
►. Tom and his girlfriend go out to take a picnic occasionally.
(3)表客观真理,格言警句或事实:
eg ►. The earth moves round the sun.
►. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.wake me up before you go
►. Two and two makes four.
►. No man but errs. 人非圣贤,熟能无过。
eg ►. The earth moves round the sun.
►. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.wake me up before you go
►. Two and two makes four.
►. No man but errs. 人非圣贤,熟能无过。
(4)表将来:
A.在由when,after, before,as,as soon as,although,because,if,even if,in case,till,until,unless,
A.在由when,after, before,as,as soon as,although,because,if,even if,in case,till,until,unless,
so long as,where,whatever,wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。
(黄金重点,所有考试都不放过它!)
eg ►. I'll tell her when she comes tomorrow. (主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来)
►. Even if it rains this afternoon, I'll meet you.
►. Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed.
►. I'll be right here waiting for you wherever you go.
(黄金重点,所有考试都不放过它!)
eg ►. I'll tell her when she comes tomorrow. (主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来)
►. Even if it rains this afternoon, I'll meet you.
►. Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed.
►. I'll be right here waiting for you wherever you go.
B.按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件,用一般现在时表达将来时概念。
eg ►. The play begins at 6:30 this evening.
►. When does the plane take off?
►. He leaves for that city next week.
►. According to the timetable, the express train to Shanghai starts at nine in the morning.
(按照时刻表,开往上海的特快列车早上 7 点出发。)
eg ►. The play begins at 6:30 this evening.
►. When does the plane take off?
►. He leaves for that city next week.
►. According to the timetable, the express train to Shanghai starts at nine in the morning.
(按照时刻表,开往上海的特快列车早上 7 点出发。)
2.一般过去时:
功能:
(1)表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。
►. We visited the school last spring.
►. I went to school by bike when I was in middle school.
►. China was founded in 1949.
►. We visited the school last spring.
►. I went to school by bike when I was in middle school.
►. China was founded in 1949.
(2)在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中表过去即将发生的动作或情况。
►. She told me that she would not go with us if it rained the next day.
►. They would not leave until she came back.
►. My friend promised(承诺) to marry me once she made her final decision.
►. She told me that she would not go with us if it rained the next day.
►. They would not leave until she came back.
►. My friend promised(承诺) to marry me once she made her final decision.
一般过去时,现在时和过去时的几组差异:(别以为这很简单,下面的差异你不一定明白。)
►. Her brother was a chemist(化学家).(已去世)
►. Her brother is a chemist.(尚健在)
►. Her brother is a chemist.(尚健在)
►. That's all I had to say.(话已说完)
►. That's all I have to say.(言之未尽)
►. That's all I have to say.(言之未尽)
►. It was so nice to see you.(离别时用)
►. It is so nice to see you.(见面时用)
►. It is so nice to see you.(见面时用)
►. Jane did a lot of work this morning.(已是当天下午或晚上)
►. Jane has done a lot of work this morning.(仍是上午)[本句现在完成时]
►. Jane has done a lot of work this morning.(仍是上午)[本句现在完成时]
3.一般将来时:
1.构成:shall / will + 动词原形
2.功能:
(1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
►. He will graduate from the college next year.
►. We shall finish our work as quickly as possible.
►. He will graduate from the college next year.
►. We shall finish our work as quickly as possible.
(2)将来时的其它结构: (务必背下!)
I. be going to do something. 打算做某事。
►. I'm going to buy a new coat this fall.
[be going to与will的对比:下列情况须用will ]
►. I'll be sixteen years old next year.
►. It will be the 20th of August tomorrow.
►. When he comes, I will give him your message.
►. I'm going to buy a new coat this fall.
[be going to与will的对比:下列情况须用will ]
►. I'll be sixteen years old next year.
►. It will be the 20th of August tomorrow.
►. When he comes, I will give him your message.
II. be + to do sth.表示计划安排做某事或用来征求意见。
►. We are to meet at the gate.
►. Am I to take over his work?
►. We are to meet at the gate.
►. Am I to take over his work?
III. be about to do sth. 即将做某事。
►. The talk is about to begin.
►. The talk is about to begin.
重点补充:
be on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事
set out to do sth. 着手做某事
set about doing sth. 开始做某事
set out to do sth. 着手做某事
set about doing sth. 开始做某事
4.现在进行时:
1.构成:is / am / are + 现在分词
2.功能:
(1)表示现在正在进行的动作。
►. The kettle(水壶) is boiling. Shall I make tea?
►. Don't you think you eat too much? You're putting on weight.
►. The workers are building a new bridge across the river.
►. The kettle(水壶) is boiling. Shall I make tea?
►. Don't you think you eat too much? You're putting on weight.
►. The workers are building a new bridge across the river.
(2)表现阶段正进行的动作。
►. He is taking physics this semester(学期).
►. We are preparing for our final examination this week.
►. He is taking physics this semester(学期).
►. We are preparing for our final examination this week.
(3)go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, join, etc. 用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。(也可以理解成为表将来)
►. Look! The bus is coming. 看!车来了!
►. The old man is seriously(严重地) ill, and he is dying.
►. Alice is leaving for Beijing with her mother.
►. Look! The bus is coming. 看!车来了!
►. The old man is seriously(严重地) ill, and he is dying.
►. Alice is leaving for Beijing with her mother.
(4)与 always, forever, continually, constantly 等副词连用,表示说话人带有感情彩:赞赏或厌恶。
►. He is always thinking of others.(他总是想着别人。)
►. The boy is continually making noises.(这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。)
►. The teacher is constantly (always) criticizing her for being late.(老师一直在批评她迟到。)
►. He is always thinking of others.(他总是想着别人。)
►. The boy is continually making noises.(这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。)
►. The teacher is constantly (always) criticizing her for being late.(老师一直在批评她迟到。)
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