签名: 王倩导师签名：姚丹日期: 2009 年 5 月 4 日
4摘要
师陀是三四十年代比较独特的作家，抗战期间于上海创作的小说集《果园
城记》为其代表作。师陀自称“有意把这小城写成中国一切小城的代表”,“小
小镇姑娘 唐红文学史上小城镇题裁的作品称为“小城文学”。
师陀自己说:“中国的县城本来都是大农村”；费孝通认为“小城镇是农村政治、经济、文化的中心”，既与农村相区别，又保持着联系；列?伏尔则指出城邑是“农村秩序”与“社会总体秩序”之间的一个中介。本文借用费孝通和
列?伏尔的“小城”概念。“小城”既有城市的因素，又有乡村的因素，两种因
素所代表的新与旧、传统与现代的矛盾冲突激烈，它们在不同地区共存的状况
也更加复杂。
本文受“小城文学”研究成果的启发，将师陀笔下的“小城”作为一个社
会文化载体进行研究。“
论文第一章首先概括出师陀笔下的小城“活在昨天”的状态，进而将作者的创作置于三四十年代社会文化思潮的背景下，对文本呈现的小城社会结构和
文化内涵进行分析，同时将小城置于列?伏尔所说的“近端秩序”与“远端秩序”之中，探究其没落的时代原因。
第二章分析了小城中的知识分子、女性和没落地主三类人物系列。从城与人的关系角度论证了“城”对“人”的命运的掌控、“人”对“城”的反抗与妥
协，落脚到对大时代中小人物生存状态的关注。小城之子的悲剧是小城的悲剧,
也是半殖民地半封建的中国社会造就的悲剧。
第三章回到小城的两个重要主角：时间和果园。时间意识的觉醒使师陀对小城的社会文化思考深入到生命和历史的维度。果园在空间上处在小城与农村
的过渡地带，在时间上与小城有同样的生命律动，标志着小城脱离了农业却与
土地血肉相连的独特身份，哺育了小城的心灵。
结语部分将师陀对小城图景的描写归结为一次精神还乡之旅。“地之子”离
开小城成为无家可归的跋涉者，家园已成荒原，小城儿女走在寻家的路上，这是一代知识分子的宿命。
关键词：师陀 ;《果园城记》; 小城; 城与人 1Abstract
Three to four decades on behalf of Shi Tuo is relatively unique writer, the
Anti-Japanese War in Shanghai during the collection of short stories created "orchard
Cities" for its representative. Shi Tuo self-proclaimed "small town interested
in this small town written on behalf of all China," "small town" He embodies the
local social change in China's social and cultural thinking. Researchers in recent
years to small towns in the history of modern literary works of the Conference title
referred to as the "literary town." Shi Tuo himself said: "China's large rural county would have been town"; Fei
Xiaotong said: "small towns in rural areas of political, economic, and cultural center",
we can distinguish rural and maintained contacts; VOR is out Now pointed out that
cities are "rural order" and "order of society as a whole," an intermediary betweenFei Xiaotong and out to use this article the "small town" concept. "Small town"
factor in both cities, and villages of the factors, two factors that represent old and
new, tradition and modernity intense contradictions and conflicts, and they co-exist
in different regions of the situation more complexThis article by the "small town of literature" inspired by the research results will be described by Shi Tuo's "Small Town" as a socio-cultural study vector. " Paper summarizes the first chapter I described the town sent out Tuo "live in
yesterday," the state, which will be placed in three to four decades the author's
creative ideas on behalf of social and cultural background, a small town on the text
of the social structure and cultural analysis, at the same time Now put out the small
town Lefebvre described as "proximal order" and "remote order", and look into the
reasons for the decline of the era Chapter analysis of the small town of intellectuals, women and the decline of
the host family of the three types of characters. From the City point of view the
relationship between people and demonstrated the "city" of the
"people" control the
fate of "person" for "city" of resistance and compromise, settle down to the survival2of a great era in a state of little concern. Son of small town tragedy is the tragedy of
small town and is semi-colonial semi-feudal Chinese society created by the tragedy Chapter III Back to the small town of two important characters: the time and
orchards. Time for the awakening of consciousness so that the small town of Shi Tuo
of thinking into the social and cultural life and historical dimension. Orchards in
space in the small town and rural areas of transition, in time with the town have the
same rhythm of life, marking the town out of farming land is unique in his capacity
as close as flesh and blood, soul-feeding a small town
Shi Tuo conclusion will be the description of small town picture boils down to a
mental trip to return home. "Son to" leave the town's journey to become homeless,
the home has become a wilderness, the sons and daughters in the small town find
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