翻译笔记
马克思⽩求恩⾼尔基斯⼤林狄更斯；费城饿狼陀；出⽔芙蓉魂断蓝桥
teamwork 团队精神workshop ⼯作坊talk show 脱⼝秀cool 酷
雪中送炭—to offer fuel in snowy weather
⼀⼈得道，鸡⽝升天—Even the dog swaggers when its master wins favor.
“⽠⽥李下”来⾃“⽠⽥不纳履，李下不整冠”，译为Neither adjust your shoe in a melon patch, nor your hat under a plum tree.例1⼈们笑贫不笑娼。
People ridicule poverty but not prostitutes.
例2放下臭架⼦
to put down the smelly airs
to shed the ugly mantle of pretentiousness
to shed down from one’s high horse。
例3做好采购⼯作Do a good job of procurement.
抓紧养猪Firmly pig-breeding.
胡⼦⼯程 a project with a beard
街道妇⼥street women
例1这个环境⼯程是个“民⼼⼯程”。
The environment-friendly project is a “popularity-winning” project.
例2本公司顾客⾄上，质量超，效率快捷，取价公道。
Our company always values its customers’ satisfaction in taking care of eve ry quality requirement and providing best speeding services in reasonable prices.
例3这家公司在研制计算机软件⽅⾯在世界处于领先地位。
This company leads the world [is the world’s leader] in developing computer software.
例4他1942年7⽉5⽇出⽣于河南商丘⼀个农民家庭，有七个兄弟妹，他排⾏⽼六。
On July 5, 1942, he was born to a family of peasant in Shangqiu, Henan Province, the sixth of seven children.
课后练习：
1.语⾔这东西不是随便可以学好的，⾮下苦功不⾏。
The mastery of a language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.
2.会议开得冷冷清清，有时甚⾄开不下去。
The meetings were marked by such absence of lively discussions that at times they almost on the point of breaking up. 3.熟悉多种⽂化背景，能操两种语⾔的管理⼈员在发展中的亚洲⼗分抢⼿。buddyguy
Multicultured and bilingual managers are most sought after/prized catches in developing Asia.
4.Y-7-100型飞机装有先进的通信导航系统，可胜任在恶劣⽓象条件下的飞⾏任务。
Equipped with advanced communication and navigation systems, Y-7-100 aircraft can fly missions in threatening weather.
5.有些厕所似乎仍是这次卫⽣⼤扫除的死⾓。
Some toilets seem immune to the clean-up campaign.
6.这个摊贩叫卖道：“快来买呀，过了这个村可没这个店啦。”
The street peddler hawked: “Come and buy! You’ll never get them later.”
7.母亲⼜说：“只是我希望你若是看中了什么⼈，能领来让⼤见⼀⾯，帮你参谋参谋。
⼤毕竟⽐你多吃了⼏年咸盐，什么样的男⼈，打眼⼀瞧，就能看出⼈品好坏来。
Mother spoke again：“I only hope that if you’ve got your eye on someone, you’ll bring him here and let me have a look at him, so I tell you what I think. After all. I’ve eaten more salt than you over the years. I’ll be able to tell at a glance whether he’s
a man of character.”
8.美国不再是从经济⾓度来说的世界头等⼤国，即超的世界强国，世界上也不再仅仅有
两个超级⼤国。当我们从经济⾓度和经济潜⼒来考虑问题时，可以看到当今世界上共有五⼤⼒量中⼼。
Instead of just America being No 1 in the world from an economic standpoint, the pre-eminent world power, and instead of there being just two superpowers, when we think in economic terms and economic potentialities, there are five great power centers in the world today.
1.主⼈对他冷淡使他更加不舒服。
His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.
2.听到他这样讲话，我差点笑出来了。
I could have laughed to hear him talk like this.
词类英译汉的主要⽅法汉译英的主要⽅法
名词（词组） 1.许多情况下可以译为动词（词组）
2.有时译为表原因的短语设法把汉语的动词（词组）和表原因的短语译成有动词含义的名词
介词介词在许多情况下可考虑译为动词汉语的有些动词，可译为相应的介
词，转化为英语的优势
形容词 1.译成动词
2.译成单句，并从定语的位置上分离出来汉语的许多动词可译为相应的形容词；有些单句也可译为形容词
副词不少情况下可考虑译为单句，并从原位置上分离出来。翻译某些短语时应译为表达能⼒强的副词
名词
英语的多数抽象名词既有名词功能，⼜有丰富的动词含义，所以和谓语动词相配合就构成了英语⽐较简练的句式。
3.他只要听到⼏句恭维话就会得意忘形。
A few flattery words would carry him away/send him to the sky.
I am flattered!
4.⼀星期没洗澡，⼀⾝臭汗。
I am smelling of seven-day-old sweat.
She gave me a what-do-you-mean look.金蛇狂舞二胡简谱
5.公费吃喝是众反映强烈的不正之风之⼀。
Sumptuous banquets, financed by state money, have long been a bane on Chinese society.
介词
英语介词不但数量多，⽽且具有很强的搭配联结能⼒和表达功能。把英语的介词短语译成汉语时，要借助汉语的动词。短语或
短句。
6.不屑⼲⾃⼰⼯作的⼈，终会发现⾃⼰不配⼲那分⼯作。
The man who is above his business may one day find his business above him.
7.有⼈轻轻拍了拍我的肩膀。我放下正在批改的作业，抬头⼀看，原来是⼀个⾝材矮⼩的
⽼太太，她满脸皱纹，慈祥地微笑着。
Somebody tapped me on the shoulder and I looked up from the exercises books of my young pupils, which I was correcting, into the lined, kind and smiling face of a little old woman. 形容词
英语的形容词表现⼒强，它可以代替动词、名词或副词的语法功能。作定语时，位置⽐较灵活，和某些不定动词配合时，可以表达⽐较复杂的内容。
8.他初出茅庐，没有什么经验。
He is a green hand.
9.这个国家滥伐森林，造成⽣态失调。
Ecological imbalance has shadowed the country because of its being prodigal of its forests.
副词
有些副词由于信息量⼤，译为汉语时可以独⽴成句，包括historically, economically, wisely, ideally, generally, frankly, theoretically, practically, intrinsically等。
10.这听起来好像是童话故事，但它确实是真⼈真事，不相信也⽆济于事。
It sounded like a fairy – but it was all too brutally real.
11.就基本内容⽽⾔，这⼀学说提出的论点之⼀是光速是宇宙中最快的速度。月儿又弯弯
Basically, the theory proposed, among other things, that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light.
你还相信爱情吗?
12.同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。
Like electrical charges repel each other, and unlike ones attract.
13.成绩有两重性，错误也有两重性。[dual]
Achievements are dual, and so are errors.
14.丈夫责备他的太太，他的太太也责备他。[vice versa]
The husband blames his wife, and vice versa.
15.各吹各的号，各唱各的调。
Each does things in his own way.
16.她有沉鱼落雁之容，闭⽉羞花之貌。
She is lovely enough to outshine the moon and put the flowers to shame.
17.路上挤满了男男⼥⼥，他们熙熙攘攘，正在买卖各种各样的东西。
The road was packed with a noisy crowed of men and women, who were selling and buying all kind s of things.
18.进⼀步简化⼿续，及时地积极地从国外引进先进技术，并且认真组织科学技术⼈员和
⼴⼤职⼯做好消化和推⼴⼯作。
We should simplify procedures in importing advanced techniques we urgently need, and invite scientists, technical personnel and others involved to get a good grasp of the techniques and then make them extended.
19.思想政治建设Ideological and Political Work
武器装备建设Weaponry and Equipment
参加国家减灾救灾⾏动Disaster Relief
核武器和导弹防御问题Nuclear Weapons and Missile Defense
20.要不断加强基础设施建设，努⼒营建良好的开发环境。
〔译⽂1〕In an effort to create a sound environment for development, continuous work should be done to increase and improve infrastructure.
〔译⽂2〕We should keep increasing and improving infrastructure so as to create a sound environment for development. 21.你们公司⼏点上班⁄下班？
What is the clock-in (clocking-in) time / clock-off (clocking-off) time at your company? 22.这房⼦采光好，全海景，地段也不错。
〔译⽂1〕The house has access to efficient sunshine, overlooks the sea and is within easy reach of transport facilities.
〔译⽂2〕With a favorable location, the house has access to efficient sunshine and overlooks the sea.
23.我妹妹在等我，我得⾛了。
I am wanted by my sister, so I have to be off now.
24.天⽓很好，我们决定去爬⼭。
As it is fine, we decided to climb (the mountain).
25.明天来看我。
Drop in / Come and see me tomorrow.
26.他不⽼实，我不能信任他。
Because he is not honest, I can’t trust him.
27.不知苦中苦，哪知甜上甜？
If you never tasted the bitterness [of gall], how can you know the sweetness [of honey]? 28.为什么总是把这些⿇烦事都推给我呢？
Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed on to me?
29.⼈们认为他有点拘谨。
He is felt a little (to be) stiff.
30.这篇作⽂读起来不像⼩孩⼦写的。
This does not read like a child’s composition.
31.去请⼤夫了吗？
Has the doctor been sent for?
32.他们希望有⼈听听他们的意见。
They want to be listened to.
一路平安33.和谈那时正在巴黎进⾏。
The peace talk was being held in Paris at that time.
34.在“五四”运动中，中国共产党显⽰了他们的⼒量。
In the “May 4th” movement of 1919, the Chinese working class made herself known.
35.仔细看看信的地址是否写对了。
Care should be take n to see that the letter is properly addressed…
36.揭穿这种⽼⼋股、⽼教条的丑态给⼈民看，号召⼈民起来反对⽼⼋股、⽼教条，这就是
五四运动时期的⼀个极⼤的功绩。
【译⽂1】A tremendous achievement of the May 4th Movement was its public exposure of the ugliness of old stereotype and the old dogma and its call to the people to rise against them.
【译⽂2】Its public exposure of the ugliness of old stereotype and the old dogma and its call to the people to rise against them were a tremendous achievement of the May 4th Movement.
37.暴风⾬把⼩屋冲坏，他们只好住在⼀个窑洞⾥。
The storm having destroyed their hut, they had to live in a cave.
38.春天来了，树都绿了。
Spring coming on, the trees turned green.
39.这个县是1945年建⽴的，藏族牧民约占⼈⼝的百分之四⼗。
The county was organized in 1945, (with) Tibetan herdsmen making up about 40 percent of its population.
40.1944年，美国飞⾏员奥·欣斯德尔在执⾏任务中受了伤，我们游击区⼈民营救了他。
后来把他护送到延安。⽑主席、周恩来副总理、朱德总司令等领导同志都分别接见过他。权志龙 魏晨
欣斯德尔在延安⼀直住到抗战胜利。
〔原译〕O. Hinsdell, a U.S. flier, was wounded while flying a sortie in 1944. People in our guerilla area rescued him. Later they escorted him to Yen-an, and Chairman Mao, Vice-Chairman Zhou Enlai, Command-in-Chief Zhu De and other leading comrades received Hinsdell, He had stayed in Yen-an till the victory of the ant-Japanese was won.
〔改译〕In 1944, U.S. flier O. Hinsdell, wounded on a mission, was rescued by our people in
a guerilla areas. He was later escorted to Yen-an, where he was received by Chairman Mao,
Vice-Chair Zhou Enlai, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De and other leading comrades respectively, Hinsdell did not leave Yen-an until the victory of the War of Resistance against Japanese aggression.