Intercultural communication in English
来自星星的你歌曲1. Globalization (what & why)
1)Dictionary: to organize or establish worldwide
2)Wiki: Globalization refers to the increasingly global relationships of culture, people and economic activity.
3)Globalization refers to the establishment of a world economy, in which national borders are becoming less and less important as transnational corporations, existing everywhere and nowhere, do business in a global market.
4)Globalization refers to “time-spaces compression”. That is, the way in which the world appears to be getting smaller. (Reasons: the increasing global mobility of people; the impact of new electronic media on human communications)
5)At the same time, people all over the world are faced with the same environmental issues that affect all cultures.
6)Global instability stems from clashes between cultures as humankind creates catastrophes(灾难) that are far worse than natural disasters.
7)Culture interdependence: people from different cultures attempt to get along with each other and try to decrease conflicts.
Driving force: technology, particularly telecommunications, computers
1)People who are raised or live in a particular place probably speak the same language, hold many of the same values, and communicate in similar ways.
2)the group of people who share the same ancestry
3)commodities or products that are internationally exported and imported
4)a particular way to satisfy our human needs. Maslow: physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, self-actualization
5)The coherent learned, shared view of a group of people about life’s concerns that ranks what is important, furnishes attitudes about what things are appropriate and dictates behavior.
6)Culture is coherent, learned, the view of a group of people, ranks what is important, furnishes attitudes
2.1 elements of communication
1)Context: the interrelated conditions of communication(aspects: physical settings, historical, psychological, culture)
2)Participants: the participants in communication play the roles of sender and receiver, sometimes of the messages simultaneously.
3)Messages: elements: meanings, symbols, encoding and decoding.
4)Channels: a channel is both the route traveled by the message and the means of transportation.
5)Noise: noise is any stimulus, external or internal to the participants, that interferes with the sharing of meaning. They include: external noise, internal noise, semantic noise
6)Feedback: some kind of verbal or nonverbal response
3. Different lands, different friendships
于震主演的电视剧1)European: friendship is quite sharply distinguished from other, more casual relations, and is differently related to family life.
for you and for me2)American: a friendship may be superficial, casual, situational or deep and enduring.
3)French: F is one to one relationship that demands a keen awareness of the other person’s intellect, temperament and particular interests; friends generally are of the same sex; disagreement and argument are the breath of live; compartmentalized (a man play chess with a friend for years without knowing his political opinion)
4)Germany: F is much more articulately a matter of feeling; friends are brought to the family; disagreement on any subject that matters to both is a tragedy.
5)English: F is based on shared activity, and are formed outside the family circle.
4. Comparing and contrasting cultures
原 味Frederick:
Human nature orientation; man-nature orientation; time orientation; activity orientation; social orientation
Kluckhohns and Strodtbeck:
Human nature; relationship of man to nature; sense of time; activity; social relationships
4.1C王筝 对你说ultural dimensions (Geert Hofstede)
Individualism versus collectivism
Uncertainty avoidance
Power distance
Masculinity versus femininity
Long-term versus short-term orientation
5. High & low context cultures
Adding: from wikipedia
Low context culture and the contrasting "high context culture" are terms presented by the anthropologist Edward T. Hall in his book Beyond Culture. Low context culture refers to a culture’s tendency not to cater towards in-groups. An "in-group" is defined by the authors as being a discrete group having similar experiences and expectations, from which, in turn, inferences are drawn. Low context cultures, such as Germany or the United States make much less extensive use of such similar experiences and expectations to communicate. Much more is explained through words or verbalization, instead of the context.
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