专题五 介词
Ⅰ.基础知识
ⅰ.命题点1介词的基本用法
1.考向1方式介词
方式介词可以根据空格后的名词判断所需的方式介词,如:
①表示“用某种工具”通常用with;
②表示“通过......方式或手段”或交通工具前通常用by;
③表示“用某种语言”或颜、服装前通常用in;
④通讯工具或电子产品前通常用on。
✓with,on,by与in
介词 | 用法 | 示例 |
with | 用具体的东西,后接表示工具或身体部位的词 | with a knife 用小刀; with your hands用你的手 |
on | 通过,用 | on the radio通过收音机;on TV通过电视 |
by | 用......手段或方式,后接动名词 | by reading aloud 通过大声朗读; by listening to music 通过听音乐 |
in | 用语言、声音、原材料等 | in English 用英语;in a low voice 用低音 |
✓by,in 与 on表示交通方式:
①in/on+限定词+交通工具。 例:on his car开车
②by+交通工具。 例:by bike骑自行车;by bus乘坐公共汽车
2.考向2方位介词
介词 | 含义及用法 | 示例 |
in | 在较大的地方(国家、城市、乡镇、水域等) | in the city在城市; in China 在中国 |
在周围环境是立体(即四面八方都有东西环绕)的地方 | in a forest在森林里; in the classroom在教室里 | |
on | on the floor在地板上; | |
在任何广阔的表面上 | on the farm/moon在农场/月球上 | |
与线的接触,意为“相邻、紧挨” | Wuhan stands on the Yangtze River. 武汉与长江相邻。 | |
at | 用于较小的场所(建筑物、公共场所等) | 情man转转转插曲at home在家;at the station在车站 |
beside | 在......旁边 | As we enjoyed our coffee, a man entered and sat down beside us.当我们在喝咖啡的时候,一个人进来坐在我们旁边。 |
over | 在......正上方,表示两者不接触 | We can build a bridge over the river. 我们可以在河上建一座桥。 |
above | 在......的上方,表示两者不接触,不一定垂直 | The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。 |
across | 在......对面 | There is a bank across from the street.街对面有一家银行。 |
在......各处,遍及 | across the country 遍布全国 | |
along | 沿着,顺着 | walk along/down the road 沿着路走 |
below | 在......的下方,表示两者不接触,不一定垂直 | The coat reaches below the knees.这件大衣盖过膝盖。 |
behind | 在......后面 | I just hid behind my textbook and never said anything.我只是躲在我的书后面从不说话。 |
opposite | 与......相对,在......对面 | The bank is opposite the supermarket.银行在超市对面。 |
near | 在......附近 | My home is near the school.我家在学校附近。 |
under | 在......正下方,表示两者不接触 | My schoolbag is under the table.我的书包在桌子下面。 |
nest to | 紧靠......,紧挨着...... | The supermarket is next to the post office. 超市紧挨着邮局。 |
toward | 朝,向,对着 | Don’t throw plastic bags towards the animals in the zoo. 不要向动物园里的动物扔塑料袋。 |
3.考向3时间介词
介词 | 含义及用法 | 示例 |
at | 用于具体的时间点前或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前 | at 6:00在六点;at noon在正午;at dusk 在黄昏;at night在晚上 |
by | 表示最迟在某一时刻或某一日期之前 | by next Monday下周一之前;by this afternoon今天下午之前;by now到现在为止 |
in | 表示一段时间,用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上等前 | in May在五月;in the twenty-first century在21世纪;in summer在夏天;in the morning在早上 |
“in +时间段” 表示将来“......(时间)以后” | They will finish the work in an hour.他们一个小时后将完成工作。 | |
on | 用于具体某一天或某一天的早上、下午、晚上前,星期或节日前 | on August 1st last year在去年的8月1号;on the evening of June 22nd在6月22号的晚上;on the second Sunday在第二个星期天;on Women’s Day在妇女节那天 |
from | 说明开始的时间,谓语动词可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态 | I began to learn dancing from five years old.我是从5岁开始学跳舞的。 |
for | 表示动作延续贯穿整个过程,for+时间段,主句用完成时,谓语动词需用延续性动词 | I have studied in this school for two years.我已经在这所学校读了两年书了。 |
since | 表示从过去某时直至现在,后接时间点,主句用完成时 | I have begun to learn English since six years ago.从6年前我就开始学英语了。 |
during | 在......期间 | He was taken to the hospital during the night. 他在夜间被送到医院。 |
before | 表示“在......之前” | Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。 |
after | 与将来时连用,表示“......之后”,后接时间点与过去时连用 | He’ll arrive at the airport after four o'clock.他将在四点钟后到机场。 |
表示“......之后”,后接时间段 | I received the letter after two days.我两天后收到了这封信。 | |
4.考向4常见其他介词
介词 | 含义及用法 | 示例 |
with | 随着,由于,表伴随 | With the development of society, people pay more attention to their health. 随着社会的发展,人们更加关注健康。 |
有,具有 | The girl with a red hat is very beautiful.那个戴着红帽子的女孩很漂亮。 | |
和......一起,和,同 | After class, I play ping-pong with my classmates.放学后,我和同学一起打乒乓球。 | |
against | 对抗 | Our team played against yours yesterday.昨天我们队和你们队比赛了。 |
反对,违反,违逆 | fight against law违法 | |
紧靠,倚,碰,撞 | Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.当雨点猛烈击打窗户时,本正在帮他的妈妈做饭。 | |
across | 常与go/walk 连用,表示“横过,穿过”,着重指从一边到另一边,指从表面通过 | When you walk across the street, you can’t be too careful.当你过马路时,你再小心也不为过。 |
like | 像......一样 | She was like a princess in a fairy tale.她就像童话故事里的公主。 |
including | 包括,包含 | There are 10 people including you.包括你有10个人。 |
about | 关于,对于 | a book about flowers 一本关于花卉的书 |
without | 不,没有 | He left without saying any-thing.他什么都没说就走了。 |
as | 像,如同 | He speaks English as an Englishman.他像一个英国人一样讲英语。 |
作为,当作 | You can use that glass as a vase.你可以把那个玻璃杯当作花瓶用。 | |
for | 给,对,供(表对象、用途) | We have some interesting and fun things for you this term.这学期我们为你们准备了一些有趣且开心的事情。 |
为了(表目的) | for a walk 去散步; Can you translate this letter for me?你能为我翻译这封信吗? | |
支持,拥护 | I think you’ll be for my opinion. 我认为你会赞成我的观点。 | |
因为,由于 | be famous/known for 因......而著名 | |
就......而言,对某人来说 | She is tall for her age.就她这个年龄而言,她个子算高的了。 There is no need for you to go. 你不必走。 | |
向,往(表示方向或目标) | Is this the bus for Zhengzhou University?这是去郑州大学的公交车吗? | |
past | 经过,越过 | Will you go past my house on your way home?你回家的路上会经过我家吗? |
around | 环绕,在.....周围 | The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 |
ⅱ.练习题
1.More and more people in Qingdao go to work subway now.
A.with | B.on | C.in | D.by |
2.The Dragon Boat Festival is the fifth day of May on the lunar calendar (阴历).
A.in | B.on | C.at | D.by |
3.This is a private letter Tom. Nobody else can open it.
A.for | B.with | C.from | D.about |
4.--Which is your new English teacher?
--The young lady red over there.
A.with | B.in | C.on | D.for |
5.Robert Hunt sometimes advises the students common problems.
A.in | B.about | C.with | D.for |
6.You must be careful when you swim the lake.
A.across | B.below | C.over | D through |
7.A woman stood the window, watching the children playing games in the garden.
A.by | B.through | C.across | D.on |
8.I can’t see Lucy because she is the tree.
A.above | B.behind | C.beside | D.below |
9.选词填空
发布评论