专题五 介词
.基础知识
.命题点1介词的基本用法
1.考向1方式介词
方式介词可以根据空格后的名词判断所需的方式介词,如:
表示“用某种工具”通常用with
②表示“通过......方式或手段”或交通工具前通常用by
③表示“用某种语言”或颜、服装前通常用in
④通讯工具或电子产品前通常用on。
with,on,by与in
介词
用法
示例
with
用具体的东西,后接表示工具或身体部位的词
with a knife 用小刀
with your hands用你的手
on
通过,用
on the radio通过收音机on TV通过电视
by
......手段或方式,后接动名词
by reading aloud 通过大声朗读
by listening to music 通过听音乐
in
用语言、声音、原材料等
in English 用英语in a low voice 用低音
by,in 与 on表示交通方式
in/on+限定词+交通工具。  例:on his car开车
by+交通工具。          例:by bike骑自行车by bus乘坐公共汽车
2.考向2方位介词
介词
含义及用法
示例
in
在较大的地方(国家、城市、乡镇、水域等)
in the city在城市
in China 在中国
在周围环境是立体(即四面八方都有东西环绕)的地方
in a forest在森林里
in the classroom在教室里
on
......的表面相接触
on the floor在地板上
在任何广阔的表面上
on the farm/moon在农场/月球上
与线的接触,意为“相邻、紧挨”
Wuhan stands on the Yangtze River.
武汉与长江相邻。
at
用于较小的场所(建筑物、公共场所等)
情man转转转插曲at home在家at the station在车站
beside
......旁边
As we enjoyed our coffee, a man entered and sat down beside us.当我们在喝咖啡的时候,一个人进来坐在我们旁边。
over
......正上方,表示两者不接触
We can build a bridge over the river. 
我们可以在河上建一座桥。
above
......的上方,表示两者不接触,不一定垂直
The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。
across
......对面
There is a bank across from the street.街对面有一家银行。
......各处遍及
across the country 遍布全国
along
沿着顺着
walk along/down the road 沿着路走
below
......的下方,表示两者不接触,不一定垂直
The coat reaches below the knees.这件大衣盖过膝盖。
behind
......后面
I just hid behind my textbook and never said anything.我只是躲在我的书后面从不说话。
opposite
......相对......对面
The bank is opposite the supermarket.银行在超市对面。
near
......附近
My home is near the school.我家在学校附近。
under
......正下方,表示两者不接触
My schoolbag is under the table.我的书包在桌子下面。
nest to
紧靠......,紧挨着......
The supermarket is next to the post office.  超市紧挨着邮局。
toward
对着
Don’t throw plastic bags towards the animals in the zoo. 不要向动物园里的动物扔塑料袋。
3.考向3时间介词
介词
含义及用法
示例
at
用于具体的时间点前或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前
at 6:00在六点at noon在正午at dusk 在黄昏at night在晚上
by
表示最迟在某一时刻或某一日期之前
by next Monday下周一之前by this afternoon今天下午之前by now到现在为止
in
表示一段时间,用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上等前
in May在五月in the twenty-first century在21世纪in summer在夏天in the morning在早上
“in +时间段” 表示将来“......(时间)以后”
They will finish the work in an hour.他们一个小时后将完成工作。
on
用于具体某一天或某一天的早上、下午、晚上前,星期或节日前
on August 1st last year在去年的8月1号on the evening of June 22nd在6月22号的晚上on the second Sunday在第二个星期天on Women’s Day在妇女节那天
from
说明开始的时间,谓语动词可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态
I began to learn dancing from five years old.我是从5岁开始学跳舞的。
for
表示动作延续贯穿整个过程,for+时间段,主句用完成时,谓语动词需用延续性动词
I have studied in this school for two years.我已经在这所学校读了两年书了。
since
表示从过去某时直至现在,后接时间点,主句用完成时
I have begun to learn English since six years ago.从6年前我就开始学英语了。
during
......期间
He was taken to the hospital during the night. 他在夜间被送到医院。
before
表示“在......之前”
Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。
after
与将来时连用,表示“......之后”,后接时间点与过去时连用
He’ll arrive at the airport after four o'clock.他将在四点钟后到机场。
表示“......之后”,后接时间段
I received the letter after two days.我两天后收到了这封信。
4.考向4常见其他介词
介词
含义及用法
示例
with
随着由于,表伴随
With the development of society, people pay more attention to their health. 随着社会的发展,人们更加关注健康。
有,具有
The girl with a red hat is very beautiful.那个戴着红帽子的女孩很漂亮。
......一起,和,同
After class, I play ping-pong with my classmates.放学后,我和同学一起打乒乓球。
against
对抗
Our team played against yours yesterday.昨天我们队和你们队比赛了。
反对违反违逆
fight against law违法
紧靠,倚,碰,撞
Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.当雨点猛烈击打窗户时,本正在帮他的妈妈做饭。
across
常与go/walk 连用,表示“横过,穿过”,着重指从一边到另一边,指从表面通过
When you walk across the street, you can’t be too careful.当你过马路时,你再小心也不为过。
like
......一样
She was like a princess in a fairy tale.她就像童话故事里的公主。
including
包括,包含
There are 10 people including you.包括你有10个人。
about
关于,对于
a book about flowers 一本关于花卉的书
without
不,没有
He left without saying any-thing.他什么都没说就走了。
as
如同
He speaks English as an Englishman.他像一个英国人一样讲英语。
作为,当作
You can use that glass as a vase.你可以把那个玻璃杯当作花瓶用。
for
给,对,供(表对象、用途)
We have some interesting and fun things for you this term.这学期我们为你们准备了一些有趣且开心的事情
为了(表目的)
for a walk 去散步
Can you translate this letter for me?你能为我翻译这封信吗?
支持,拥护
I think you’ll be for my opinion. 我认为你会赞成我的观点。
因为,由于
be famous/known for 因......而著名
......而言对某人来说
She is tall for her age.就她这个年龄而言,她个子算高的了。
There is no need for you to go. 你不必走。
(表示方向或目标)
Is this the bus for Zhengzhou University?这是去郑州大学的公交车吗?
past
经过越过
Will you go past my house on your way home?你回家的路上会经过我家吗?
around
环绕.....周围
The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
.练习题
1.More and more people in Qingdao go to work         subway now.
A.with
B.on
C.in
D.by
2.The Dragon Boat Festival is         the fifth day of May on the lunar calendar (阴历).
A.in
B.on
C.at
D.by
3.This is a private letter         Tom. Nobody else can open it.
A.for
B.with
C.from
D.about
4.--Which is your new English teacher?
--The young lady         red over there.
A.with 
B.in
C.on
D.for
5.Robert Hunt sometimes advises the students         common problems.
A.in
B.about
C.with
D.for
6.You must be careful when you swim         the lake.
A.across
B.below
C.over
D through
7.A woman stood         the window, watching the children playing games in the garden.
A.by
B.through
C.across
D.on
8.I can’t see Lucy because she is         the tree.
A.above
B.behind
C.beside
D.below
9.选词填空