Summary如何写（I)
说明文的summary
我们以上海英语高二课本中的一篇文章为例
The Problem of Packaging
谷爱凌多大第一段
A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total。 To understand why this is true， think of the 太多太多packaging commonly used for a simple product， such as toothpaste。 The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste， but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper。 Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container。
第二段
Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away。 Though necessary, la
ndfills take up valuable space, often stink， and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.
刀郎乌鲁木齐演唱会第三段
People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials。 In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this， the companies奇思妙想喜羊羊歌曲 set up recycling bins in every neighborhood。 Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories—metal， plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to are cycling company for processing.
第四段
The programme worked well at first。 However， the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again。 One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste be
cause they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain vigilant and do their part.
我们先来把每段的大意理一下：
第一段的中心应该就是讲 A large source of rubbish is packaging material。 It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. 后面的牙膏的情况只是举例说明咯。
第三段: 中心句很清晰啊 People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. 后面的德国的事情也是举例子,政府啊，制造商啊,个人啊，采取什么措施来试图解决包装材料带来的污染问题.
最后一段了:尽管德国的方法起到了一定的作用，但，又有些人开始神兜兜起来了。包装材料的污染仍是个大问题啊，我们不能放弃警惕。
说明文概要模板
a. 现象揭示类：
守业更比创业难This article points out the common phenomenon —-(主题）， which…。(补充解释）.
b。 利弊对比类：
The article compares the disadvantages/ benefits of A and B. A…while B…
The passage discusses the impact of sth.
On the positive side…， but it may also….
c。 研究显示类：
The study reveals that…
馨子演过的电视剧The purpose of the report is to show that…
Summary:
The article points out the problem of packaging. About one third of rubbish results from the packaging materials， which cause damage to the environment during their production and after ending in landfills。 Though the programs carried out to combat the problem are temporarily successful, the problem remains a great concern. (50 words)
Summary如何写（II）
A driving goal for most websites is for that site to be easily found by people looking for the products or services。 One of the ways people may find these sites is via a search engine。 With this in mind, companies obviously want their websites to appeal to search engines as well。 (第一段文字讲网站要让搜索引擎喜欢,那预测下，接下来的文字可能会是, 该怎么让搜索引擎喜欢呢？有什么要注意的要素呢?）
First of all， website content should be unique and timely. （第一句话是主题句,网站内容要独特新颖且及时)Only quality content ensures that customers will frequent your website and also recommend it to friends via links or through social channels。 This act of sharing not only gives your site more chances of public exposure but it also helps to push
up your search engine rankings, which extends huge psychological implication to other engine users as people tend to follow suit。
Now famous search engines such as Google use mobile friendliness as a ranking signal（这个词出现了，后面几段文字都是在讲搜索引擎会关注的ranking signal啊,这个词在summary中必须出现啊) in their ranking algorithm(算法). Therefore, if your site is not applicable for mobile devices, you are offering a less than ideal experience to some users and in result search engines will take the disadvantage into account.（这段文字的主要词眼是 mobile friendliness)
Another key ranking signal that Google and other search engines weigh heavily is page speed and overall site performance.(又是主题句，关键词是page speed 和overall site performance）If your site is loaded with too many high-resolution images and videos or other elements， much viewing time will be caused. These will make sluggish， slow loading that frustrate and often drive away visitors。 It’s time to reduce the page size as all the visitors appreciate faster download. Some are even willing to trade better visual e
xperiences for high viewing speed. As user preference stands on top of any search engine's list of priority， search engines will look very favorably upon the speed improvements of the websites。
In addition, for a hot website， appropriate update frequency is also vital.（又是主题句，词眼是update frequency) Although the content is current and up to date when it is first launched， it will soon lose its freshness with the explosion of other various online resources。 If the content on your websites has appeared on other sites before， your website is sooner or later to be deserted because of humans’ nature of having a low boredom threshold(门槛)。 In turn, your website's search ranking will drop drastically.
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