过去完成式
1、形式 had + V过分
2、用法
The children had all gone to sleep at 9:00 last night.
I had just finished watering the lawn(草坪) when it began to rain.
She had learned English before she came to England.
（2）表过去某时已有过或未有过的经验
As I had seen him before, I recognized him at once
He had never seen a giraffe till then.
I asked him if he had ever seen a whale blowing.
许茹芸 好听（3）在过去某时之前的连续动作，表示某事继续到过去某一时刻已经有了一段时间，常与for、since连用
*He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital.
He has been ill for a week.
*Everything had gone well up to that time.
Everything has gone well up to now.
（4）表过去两个不同时发生的动作，状态，先发生的用过去完成，后发生的用一般过去
I gave him the book which I had bought the day before.
He told his mum about what had happened that morning.
I found the watch which I had lost.
I had seen him before he saw me.
*两个过去的动作，用and (then)或but +连接，按动作发生的先后顺序表达，都用过去式
I bought a hat but lost it.
I lost the hat which I had bought.
（5）表过去未实现的希望和计划，常用的有hope、expect、suppose（预料、假设、期望）、intend（打算）、think、want等。
I had hoped to pass the exam.（希望但未能）
We had hoped that you would be able to visit us but you did not.
She had thought of paying us a visit, but the bad weather made her Change her plan.
--We had wanted to call on you but was prevented from doing so.
崔珉豪电视剧--We had wanted to see him but found he was out.
（6）间接叙述中，以过完代替直接叙述中的过去和现完
*He said, “My uncle came to see me last night.”
He said that his uncle had cone to see him the night before.
*He said, “I have studied the problem for years.”
He said that he had studied the problem for years.
3、注意事项
{
（1）叙述历史事实时，只用过去时Our teacher told us that Columbus had discovered (X)
Discovered (演员王思思√) America in 1492
（2）由before 、after引导的时间状语从句中，因before和after已表示时间先后，所以可用一般过去代替过完
*After she (had) left the room, the thief came in.
We (had) arrived home before it rained.
*The train (had) started just before I reached the station.
The train had gone when I arrived at the station.
现在进行时
一、形式
be + Ving
二、用法
（1）表现在正进行的动作
We are now playing tennis.
I am writing a letter to my son.
最好看的
（2）表最近的未来即将发生，多为“来、去”动词，常与表未来之时间副词连用，可代替将来时。
We are leaving here tomorrow.
I am going up to Chongqing sometime next week.
注：“来、去”动词的现在时也可表示未来
He leaves for Beijing tomorrow.
He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
He will leave for Beijing tomorrow.
（3）表现在的安排或计划未来要做的事
Are you staying here till next week?
She is getting married in May.
（4）现在进行时与always，for ever，all the time，all the while连用，通常表说话者认为不良习惯或不耐烦。
She is always complaining.
I’m always forgetting people’s names.
夹春卷是当场被很多人看到吗His wife is always wanting money for new clothes.
He is forever finding fault（错误n.） with me.
The son is all the while arguing with his mother.
（5）表“同情”“责备”“强调”“好奇”“不满”“快乐”“赞赏”
Are you feeling better this morning? （同情）
Why aren’t you studying? （责备）
Well, I’m telling you the truth. （强调）
What are you doing here, girls? （好奇）
You are helping me, darling! 你真帮我的忙 （快乐）
John is doing fine work at school. 表现很好 （赞赏）
(6) be going to +V原，表将来要发生（主观看法）
I am going to see my friend off this afternoon.
How long are you going to stay here?
物作主语则表说话者觉得最近就将要发生的事。
The moon is going to come out soon.
（7）不完全及物动词 get, become, turn, run, go 以及一些瞬间动词begin forget ,die ,finish 的现在进行时均表示“逐渐”“越来越”或“快要”。
Father is getting fat. (越来越胖)
The leaves are turning yellow. （逐渐）
Our house is becoming old. （逐渐变旧）
三、不用现在进行时的情况
（一）表状态的动词。我们只说动作在进行，而不说某种状态在进行，所以表“存在”“所有”“感情与感觉”类动词没有进行时
1、表事实状态的词：be , have（有），lie（位于），need，want（缺乏），look（看似）seem（似乎是），own（拥有），stand（位于）。
*I have a car.
I am having a car. (X)
*Prices depend on supply and demand.
Prices are depending on supply and demand. (X)
2、表心理情感状态：care（在意）, dislike, forget , hate, know, mean (打算), notice（注意）, agree , dare（敢）,hope , like , mind , prefer(较喜欢), believe , love, need, think （以为）, wish, understand, want(想要), remember。
Loves hates
She swimming, but diving.
Is loving is hating
knows
Tom My sister.
Is knowing
think
I that you are right.
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