中考英语复习专辑——简单句五种句型
eg. He is working.
2.主语+ 及物动词 + 宾语（主、谓、宾结构）
eg. We study English every day.
3.主语+ 连系动词 + 表语（主、系、表结构）
eg. Trees turn green.
常见的连系动词有：be ; become ; get ; turn ; feel ; look(看起来)；smell(闻起来); sound(听起来)；taste(尝起来)；seem(似乎).
特别注意：形容词常作表语
4.主语 + 及物动词 + 间宾（人）+ 直宾（物）
=主语+ 及物动词 + 直宾（物）+ to / for + 间宾（人）
常用的此类动词有：give ; pass ; show ; lend ; buy. 但buy与for连用
eg.1)I gave him a book.
= I gave a book to him.
2)My mother bought me a pen yesterday.
= My mother bought a pen for me.
5.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补
注意作宾补的词：1）名词（指宾语是谁/什么）；2）形容词；3）不定式；4）动词的ing 形式。
eg.1)We call him Jim.
2)We must keep the window open.
3)He told me to wash the plates.
4)I saw a thief going into your room.
特别注意：
1)动词不定式作宾补
A: ask / want / tell sb to do sth.
其否定式为：ask/want/tell sb not to do sth
2)省to不定式作宾补，即：
(l, m, n; 3h; 2看; 1f) sb do sth
l—let, m—make, n—notice; 3h—hear, have , help; 2看—see, watch; 1f—feel.
eg.1)The boss made the workers work 12 hours every day.
2)I often hear him sing.
2)区别省to不定式作宾补与动词ing形式作宾补.
hear / see sb do: 听见/看见某人做了某事
hear / see sb doing: 听见/看见某人在做某事
练习题
基本句型
英语句子成分的排列顺序与汉语不同。汉语放在前面的，英语可能要放在后面；而汉语放后面的，英语可能放在前面。即使是同样一句话，如果用词不同，句中的次序也会有变化。
我 每天 骑自行车 上学。
I go to school by bike every day.
I ride to school every day.
句子成分详解一览表及巧记口诀
句子成分 | 意义及位置 | 充当词类 | 例句 |
主语 The Subject | 表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常在句子前部。 | 名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子。 | We study in No. 17 middle school. Jim is an American boy. Two heads are better than one. |
The Predicate | 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。通常在主语后（除疑问、倒装句外）。 | 由动词或动词词组充当。 | Time tries all thing.(时间检验一切） Lucy is dancing under the tree. Her parents are both workers. |
宾语 The Object | 表示动作、行为的对象。在及物动词或介词后。 | 同主语的充当词类 | Love me, love my dog. (爱屋及乌） These girls like English. Did you see him yesterday? |
表语 The Predicate | 与系动词连用，一起构成谓语部分、说明主语的性质、特征。常在系动词之后。 | 同主语的充当词类 | His father is a bus driver. My car is white. We were at school yesterday. Health is wealth. (健康就是财富。） |
定语 The Attribute | 用来修饰名词或代词。单个词常在修饰的词前，短语或句子在被修饰的词之后。 | 形、代、数、名、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语。 | The red one is mine. What is his name? A friend in need is a friend indeed. (患难见真情。） |
状语 The Attribute | 修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等。位置较灵活。 | 通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。 | Our teacher works very hard. She often helps Mike. They had a meeting in Shanghai. |
宾语补足语 The Object Complement | 宾语的补足语，逻辑上与宾语是“主谓”关系。在宾语后。 | 由形容词、名词、介词短语等充当。 | We named the baby Lily. She made the room clean. |
同位语 The Appostive | 重复指代并进一步说明名词及名词性词语。在被修饰词后。 | 名词、名词性短语、从句等。 | They all work hard. John, a friend of hers, has gone. |
句子成分 学记口诀
主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。
宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。
简单句的五种基本句型
句型种类 | 主语 | 谓语部分 | |||
谓语动词 | 表语 | 宾语 | 宾补 | ||
1. S + Vi. 主语+不及物动词 | Birds | fly.she新专辑 | |||
2. S + Vi. + O 主语+及物动词+宾语 | He | plays | the piano. | ||
3. S + V. + C 主语+系动词+表语 | We | are (系动词） | friends. | ||
4. S + Vt. + InO + Do 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 | I | gave | him a pen （间宾）（直宾） | ||
5. S + Vi. + O + Oc 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 | Tom | made | me | cry. | |
英语是一种结构型的语言，以谓语动词为核心构成各种句型。为了帮助你掌握英语的句型，本节课我们一起来总结一下英语的基本句型。
1. 主语 + 不及物动词（ + 状语）
状语 | 主语 | 不及物动词 | 状语 |
（In 2003,) | The first book | came out | in 2003 |
We | didn't go | to the cinema yesterday. | |
Last week, | I | went | to Guilin for my holiday. |
2. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 （+ 状语）
状语 | 主语 | 及物动词 | 宾语 | 状语 |
（Yesterday) | I | bought | a very good book | yesterday. |
My father | loves | pictures of cars. | ||
Every morning | my mother | prepares | Brea阿kfast | for me |
He | wrote | a book | in senior high school. | |
3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 （+ 状语）
主语 | 系动词 | 表语 | 状语 |
These books | are | great. | |
Tom | is | very happy | today. |
4. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 （+ 状语）
状语 | 主语 | 及物动词 | 间接宾语 | 直接宾语 | 状语 |
His hobby | has brought | him | enjoyment. | ||
My father | bought | me | a very good bike | On my birthday. | |
Last week, | my aunt | sent | me | a box of chocolate. | |
4. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 （+ 状语）
主语 | 及物动词 | 宾语 | 宾语补足语 | 状语 |
We | can help | you | develop new skills. | |
I | don't want | you | to work | too hard. |
The news | made | everyone | happy. | |
一、句子成份
英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
Country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
1)简单谓语： We study for the people.
2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing..
1)简单谓语： We study for the people.
2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing..
3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
My sister is a nurse.
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）
The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English.
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
It began to rain.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
He gave me some ink.
He gave me some ink.
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：
We make him our monitor(班长).
We make him our monitor(班长).
5、宾补: 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street
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