第8单元马克·吐温
I. Fill in the blanks.
1. The best work that Mark Twain ever produced is_____, which was a success from its fast publication in 1884, and has always been regarded as one of the great books of western literature and western civilization. （人大2006研）
【答案】Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
【解析】马克·吐温的最著名的代表作是《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。
2. One of Samuel Langhorne Clemens’best books _____ is built around his experiences as a steam boat pilot.
【答案】Life on the Mississippi
【解析】马克·吐温的凭着年轻时驾驶河船的经验，写成了脍炙人口的自传《密西西比河上的生活》。以
浪漫满屋 命运密西西比河及沿岸的城镇为背景，生动地写下作者的生活体验、童年岁月以及他所热爱的乡土。
3. Mark Twain once described the theme of a book as the struggle between a healthy heart and a deformed conscience, and he attributed this description to the character _____ in that book. （首师大2008研）
【答案】Huckleberry Finn
【解析】马克吐温曾说《哈克贝利·费恩》这部小说的主题是健康的心灵与扭曲的良心之间的斗争，他这段描述是针对小说主人公哈克贝利·费恩而言的。
4. The result of Mark Twain’s European trip was a series of newspaper articles, later published as a book called _____.
【答案】Innocents Abroad
【解析】马克·吐温的游历欧洲时写了一系列文章，讽刺而幽默地记录他的所见所闻，这些文章后来整理出版成书，名为《傻子出国记》。
5. Mark Twain’s first novel, _____ was an artistic failure, but it gave its name to the America of the post bellum period which it attempts to satirize.
【答案】The Gilded Age
【解析】1873年，马克·吐温的出版了小说《镀金时代》。所谓“黄金时代”，只不过是个内里虚空，矛盾重重的“镀金时代”――一个时代的梦破灭了。从此，人们用这个词来形容，从南北战争结束到20世纪初的那一段美国历史。
6. The Age of Realism is also what Mark Twain referred to as “_____”.
【答案】The Gilded Age
【解析】现实主义时期被马克吐温看作“镀金时代”。
7. At the heart of Mark Twain’s achievement is his creation of two characters: ______ and ______.
【答案】Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn
【解析】马克·吐温的最著名的作品《汤姆·索亚历险记》和《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的主
角分别是Tom Sawyer和Huckleberry Finn。
8. _____, breaking out of the narrow limits of local color fiction, described the
breadth of American experience as no one had ever done before, or since. 【答案】Mark Twain
【解析】马克·吐温的（Mark Twain,1835－1910），原名塞缪尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯（Samuel Langhorne Clemens)是美国的幽默大师、小说家、作家，也是著名演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主义文学的杰出代表。他的作品突破了地方彩小说（local color fiction）的限制，描写整个美国社会的经历。
9. _____ was the first literary giant born west of the Mississippi.
【答案】Mark Twain
【解析】马克·吐温的（Mark Twain,1835－1910）原名萨缪尔·兰亨·克莱门（Samuel Langhorne Clemens)是美国首位出生在密西西比河畔的文学巨匠。
10. “I took the sack of corn meal and took it to where the canoe was hid, and
shoved the vines and branches apart and put it in; then I done the same with the side of bacon; then the whisky-jug. I took all the coffee and sugar there was, and all the ammunition; I took the wadding; I took the bucket and gourd; took a dipper and a tin cup, and my old saw and two blankets, and the skillet and the coffee-pot. ”The “I”in this selection refers to_____. （天津外国语2011研）【答案】Huckleberry Finn
【解析】文章出自《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》的第七章，哈克贝里·费恩被爸爸，于是哈克贝里·费恩计划出逃。
II. Multiple Choices
1. ______’s stories still had many unrealistic qualities: “tall tales”and unlikely coincidences. He is never a pure realist.
A. Henry James
B. Mark Twain
C. Nathaniel Hawthorne
D. Henry David Thoreau
【答案】B
【解析】马克·吐温的小说中有很多不现实的特质，荒诞不经的故事和不大可能发生的巧合。
2. Mark Twain wrote most of his literary works with a _____ language.
A. grand
新工人艺术团B. pompous
C. simple
D. vernacular
【答案】D
【解析】马克·吐温的大多数的作品都是用地方性、口语化的语言写的。
3. Mark Twain was a great social critic and a friend of the Chinese. His Disgraceful
Persecution of a Boy is a scathing piece of criticism directed against the persecution of the _____ immigrants in California.
A. Quakers
money honeyB. Chinese
C. French
D. Japanese
【答案】B
【解析】美国作家马克·吐温是伟大的社会批评家、中国人民的朋友。对于迫害加利福尼亚州华人的行为，马克·吐温的在Disgraceful Persecution of a Boy中给予了辛辣的抨击。
4. With William Dean Howells, Henry James, and Mark Twain active on the scene, _____ became the major trend in the seventies and eighties of the nineteenth century.
A. sentimentalism
范玮琪张韶涵B. romanticism
李敏镐和朴敏英分手C. realism
D. naturalism
【答案】C
【解析】十九世纪七、八十年代现实主义成为美国文学的主流。威廉·豪威尔斯、亨利·詹姆斯和马克·吐温的是这一时期的代表作家，他们在理论和实践上都对美国现实主义文学的发展做出了重大贡献。
5. In his later novels, Mark Twain seems less hopeful about democracy, which is reflected in his work, ______.
A. The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg
B. The Mysterious Stranger
C. The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras Country
D. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court
【答案】D
【解析】《亚瑟王朝廷上的康涅狄格州美国佬》反映出马克·吐温的对民主信心渐失。
6. Mark Twain created, in _____, a masterpiece of American realism that is also one of the great books of world literature.
A. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
B. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
C. The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg
D. The Gilded Age
【答案】A
【解析】马克·吐温的小说《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》展现了美国当时的现实生活，充分体现了马克·吐温的艺术风格，被视为西方文学史上现实主义的杰作。
III. Explain the following terms.
水乡童谣1. Local Colorism （北二外2008研；四川大学2009研）
Key: Local Colorism or Regionalism as a trend first came to prominence in the late